The False Evolution of Execution Methods

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Cover of “Générique” from Lift to the Gallows performed by Henry Walsh

Sources:
Gruesome Spectacles: Botched Executions and America’s Death Penalty (Austin Sarat, 2014)
Lethal Injections and the False Promise of Humane Executions (Austin Sarat, 2022)
A Descending Spiral: Exposing the Death Penalty in 12 Essays (Marc Bookman, 2021)
Discipline and Punish (Michel Foucault, 1975)
Report of the Commission to Investigate and Report the Most Humane and Practical Method of Carrying into Effect the Sentence of Death in Capital Cases (Gerry, Southwick, Hale 1888)

The Lynching Era and Contemporary Lethal Police Shootings in the South. (Lyons, C. J., Painter-Davis, N., & Medaris, D. C., 2022): https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/21533687221120951
Ignoring the Past: Coverage of Slavery and Slave Patrols in Criminal Justice Texts. (K. B. Turner, David Giacopassi & Margaret Vandiver, 2006): https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10511250500335627
Medieval Torture with Dana Schwartz (You’re Wrong About, 2022): https://podcasts.apple.com/lb/podcast/medieval-torture-with-dana-schwartz/id1380008439?i=1000558625870
Lynching in America: Confronting the Legacy of Racial Terror (Equal Justice Initiative, 2017): https://lynchinginamerica.eji.org/report/
How a New York Tabloid Captured the First Photo of an Execution by the Electric Chair (Robert Klara, 2023): https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-a-new-york-tabloid-captured-the-first-photograph-of-an-execution-by-the-electric-chair-180981432/
So Long as They Die: Lethal Injections in the United States (Human Rights Watch, 2006): https://www.hrw.org/report/2006/04/23/so-long-they-die/lethal-injections-united-states
Enduring Injustice: The Persistence of Racial Discrimination in the U.S. Death Penalty (Ngozi Ndulue, 2020): https://files.deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/reports/Enduring-Injustice-Race-and-the-Death-Penalty-2020.pdf
Autopsy Photos from Botched Florida Execution Released (Death Penalty Information Center, 2014): https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/news/autopsy-photos-from-botched-florida-execution-released
Botched Executions Database (Death Penalty Information Center, 2022): https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/executions/botched-executions
Death Penalty Support Holding at Five-Decade Low (Jeffrey M. Jones, 2021): https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/news/2021-gallup-poll-public-support-for-capital-punishment-remains-at-half-century-low
The Cruel and Unusual Execution of Clayton Lockett (Jeffrey Stern, 2015): https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/06/execution-clayton-lockett/392069/
Oklahoma executes inmate who dies vomiting and convulsing (Sean Murphy, 2021): https://apnews.com/article/us-supreme-court-prisons-executions-oklahoma-oklahoma-attorney-generals-office-6e5eedd1956a38f83db96187651f145c
Police Shootings Database (Washington Post, 2023): https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/investigations/police-shootings-database/
Above the Law: The Data Are In on Police, Killing, and Race (Lyman Stone, 2020): https://www.thepublicdiscourse.com/2020/06/65309/
The Return of the Firing Squad (Maurice Chammah, 2022): https://www.themarshallproject.org/2022/04/08/the-return-of-the-firing-squad
300 Protest Execution at Prison Gate as Killer Dies (LA Times, 1967): https://latimes.newspapers.com/image/382240317/?terms=300%20protest%20execution%20at%20prison%20gate&match=1
Innocence (Death Penalty Information Center, 2023): https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/policy-issues/innocence
Biomechanics of Judicial Hanging: A Case Report (L. Nokes, A. Roberts, D. James, 1999): https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/002580249903900110

Music Used (Chronologically): Fallow Deer (Martin Klem), Stepping on Glass (Eneide), Biological Evidence (Alan Carlson-Green), Trivalve (Ethan Sloan), Indigo (Christophe Gorman), Behind the Curtains (Skrya), Dark Times (Etienne Roussel), Ambivalent Thoughts (Magnus Ringblom), Nocturne in G Minor (Chopin), Dead (HEALTH- Max Payne 3), Implode (Peter Sandberg), Translucency (Rikard From), Générique (Henry Walsh)

Thumbnail and Graphic Design by https://twitter.com/HotCyder
Description Credit: “Death Sentence” by Polly Chase
Additional music by Epidemic Sound
Additional Footage by Getty Images