This Is What A Cyberwar Looks Like

This is what a cyberwar looks like. The 2007 cyberattacks on Estonia became largely considered to be the first cyber warfare in Internet history.
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To understand what can be realistically done with cyberwarfare, it serves best to look at the real world instead of hypothetical scenarios. One such cyber campaign was waged against one of the most digitally advanced countries in the world. It was the 2007 cyberwar in Estonia.

The face of the cyberwar will most likely take the form of skirmishes that take days or weeks at a time. A full-scale campaign on an entire nation’s infrastructure is only a viable threat to smaller countries mostly without military alliances. Waging such a massive cyber campaign is most effective when coordinated with kinetic force. But on its own, cyber offensive will eventually run out of resources and time and the defense will adapt.

The cyberwar in Estonia was successful mostly because it likely had hundreds or thousands of spontaneous participants. But Estonia’s economy didn’t crumble and the society bounced back to normal quickly after the attacks were fended off.

Sources
Immediate media coverage of the cyber attacks on Estonia
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/6665145.stm
https://www.bbc.com/news/39655415
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/may/17/topstories3.russia
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-455467/Russia-launches-cyberwar-Estonia.html
Russia accused
https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2007/05/massive-ddos-attacks-target-estonia-russia-accused/
https://www.reuters.com/article/oukin-uk-estonia-cyberwar-idUKL1847541120070518
Chronology of the cyber attacks
https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/29/technology/29estonia.html
Cyber war timeline
https://www.wired.com/2007/08/ff-estonia/
Research Paper on Estonia Cyberwar
https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1105&context=jss

War In The Fifth Domain
https://www.economist.com/briefing/2010/07/01/war-in-the-fifth-domain
20-year-old Russian arrested
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/7208511.stm
Markov Claims Responsibility
https://www.rferl.org/a/Behind_The_Estonia_Cyberattacks/1505613.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20090701212951/http://www.darkreading.com/blog/archives/2009/03/authoritatively.html
Konstantin Goloskov from Nashi claims responsibility
https://web.archive.org/web/20090716045103/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1076297.html
Estonian attacks were a cyber riot not a warfare
https://www.computerweekly.com/news/2240082385/Estonian-attacks-were-a-cyber-riot-not-warfare

Aftermaths of the cyber war
https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna31801246
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/it-services/how-to-fight-cyber-war-estonia-shows-the-way/articleshow/24274994.cms
NATO's cyber defense in Estonia
https://web.archive.org/web/20080723185533/http://www.networkworld.com/news/2008/051508-nato-to-set-up-cyber.html
https://www.bangkokpost.com/tech/240109/cyber-war-must-be-treated-as-conventional-attack-estonia

E-stonia and E-Government
https://e-estonia.com/how-estonia-became-a-global-heavyweight-in-cyber-security/
https://qz.com/1052269/every-country-should-have-a-cyber-war-what-estonia-learned-from-russian-hacking/
https://edition.cnn.com/2015/09/02/opinions/estonia-cyber-war/

Cyber war on ISIS
https://www.newsweek.com/us-military-launches-cyber-attacks-isis-432441
https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2016/03/us-military-launches-cyber-attacks-on-isis-in-mosul-and-announces-it/
Anonymous
https://uk.news.yahoo.com/anonymous-threatens-isis-major-cyber-095356033.html?

Colonial Pipeline Cyber Attacks
https://www.cyberscoop.com/gas-pipeline-cyberattack-ransomware-colonial/
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/14/us/politics/pipeline-hack.html

NSA Exploit Leads to WannaCry
https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/04/nsa-leaking-shadow-brokers-just-dumped-its-most-damaging-release-yet/
https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/05/an-nsa-derived-ransomware-worm-is-shutting-down-computers-worldwide/
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-05-14/ransomware-cyberattack-threat-lingers-as-people-return-to-work/8525554

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